The NASA-funded project is called HI-SEAS (Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation), designed to test the effects of isolation in confined conditions of a human mission to Mars. This is the third such simulation, and the longest; the two prior missions lasted for four and eight months, respectively. The Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii was chosen as a location because it’s most similar to the red, barren Martian terrain.
The six participants could only communicate with the outside world via email, and those transmissions were delayed by 20 minutes to mimic how long it would take for such a signal to travel between Earth and Mars. Resources were limited: anything they needed, they had to bring into the dome with them at the outset, right down to duct tape. Food was replenished every four months, and water every two months.
The crew were allowed to leave the dome, but only if they donned heavy space suits. And there were simulated emergencies: everything from power outages and broken tools, to a forced evacuation to avoid a harsh radiation wave.
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See also: Health Standards for Long Duration and Exploration Spaceflight – Report from the Committee on Ethics Principles and Guidelines for Health Standards for Long Duration and Exploration Spaceflights, chaired by our Jeffrey Kahn
Image: By NASA – [1], Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7824863
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